| 摘要: |
| 近年来新发传染病频现，引起社会广泛关注。风景
园林能有效助力公共健康，历史上也曾在应对传染病方面发挥
出重要作用，但当前相关研究与实践仍处于起步阶段。以世界
卫生组织(WHO)、中国疾病预防控制中心(CDC)和相关重
要医学专著、国际期刊为数据来源，从传染病传染链的病原
体、传染源、排出门户、传播途径、侵入门户和宿主六大要素
出发，分析并总结54种主流传染病暴发的主要环境诱因，包
括气候变化、土地利用变化、环境卫生和生态系统4个方面。
认为传染病暴发的主要风险在于稳态环境的改变，指出风景园
林应对的根本性策略在于通过环境管理手段维持环境的稳态，
进而间接作用于传染链要素，实现打破传染链、防控传染病的
目的。在此基础上，提出了由防疫评估、变化监测和环境控制
构成的风景园林应对传染病策略，并从气候、土地利用、环境
卫生、生态系统和配套设施5个方面展开论述。 |
| 关键词: 风景园林 传染链 环境管理 传染病 公共健康 |
| DOI： |
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| 基金项目: |
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| Landscape Architecture Strategic Plan for InfectiousDiseases Defense: Based on Transmission ChainPrevention |
| ZHONG Le,QIU Wen,ZHONG Peng,SHEN Chenqing,XUE Fei |
| Abstract: |
| Novel infectious diseases have been frequently
emerging and causing widespread hazard. Landscape architecture
not only played an important role of effectively response to
epidemics in history, but also can efficiently support public health
for today. However, the related research and practice are still in
its infancy. Based on the data from World Health Organization
(WHO), Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China
CDC) and literatures from both related medical monographs and
international journals, four epidemics outbreak environmental
triggers can be founded as: 1) climate change, 2) land use change,
3) environmental hygiene, and 4) ecosystems, from six main
factors of 54 major infectious diseases, including: 1) pathogen,
2) infection sources, 3) portal of exit, 4) modes of transmission,
5) portal of entry, and 6) disease's host. It can be concluded that
the main risk of the epidemic outbreak is derived from the stable
environment changing, and the fundamental coping strategy is
to maintain the environmental stability. Landscape architecture's
environment management will indirectly serve for both the
transmission chain prevention and the infection control. The
landscape feedback strategic model was introduced, which consists
of 1) epidemic prevention assessment, 2) changing detection, and
3) environmental control. Five aspects: 1) climate, 2) land use,
3) environmental sanitation, 4) ecosystem and 5) supporting
facilities, are further elaborated for this model as well. |
| Key words: landscape architecture chain of infection environmental
management infectious disease public health |
