| 摘要: |
| 社区共管在中国自然保护区中已经开展了近60年的试验和探索，但学术研究上仍以个案分析为主，全面性和系统性不足。对自然保护区社区共管的概念、发展和类型进行了研究，提出了不全面、不持续、不有效和不积极4个社区共管问题，并分析了8个问题成因。其中，外部成因主要为权属混乱、体制不顺、资金缺位、法律缺失，而内部成因可概括为思想不一、能力不够、方法不当和研究不足。在自然保护地体制改革的背景下，为进一步完善社区共管机制，研究提出了5项改革建议：1)明确社区共管法律地位，深化各方思想认识；2)分类型、分阶段建立保护区社区共管试点；3)探索多元化的社区协调发展路径；4)确立保护区管理机构社区共管的职能、人员和经费；5)成立跨领域专家小组，建立理论框架和培训体系。 |
| 关键词: ：风景园林 自然保护区 社区 社区共管 问题分析 改革建议 |
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| The Analysis of the Current Situation and Reform Proposals of Community-based Co-management in China's Nature Reserves |
| ZHANG Yin,YANG Rui |
| Abstract: |
| The community-based co-management (CBCM) mechanism has been experimented and explored for nearly sixty years in China's nature reserves, yet the case studies are documented separately and appear to be unsystematic and uncomprehensive. This paper analyzes the definition, development path, main types of community-based co-management in China's nature reserves, from which the manifestations of the present issues are summarized as uncomprehensive, unsustainable, inefficient and inactive. While the exterior causes of these problems are unclear ownership, poor management, unsustainable funds and deficient legislation, the interior sources are conflicting ideas, insufficient capability, improper approaches and unsystematic research. Therefore, under the background of the system reform in China's nature reserve system, this research gives five reform proposals to improve the current CBCM mechanism: 1) clarify the legal status of community-based co-management and deepen the understanding of all parties; 2) establish pilots of community-based co-management by typologies and stages; 3) explore diversified development paths for communities; 4) clarify the functions, personnel and funding of CBCM among management agencies ; and 5) establish a cross-disciplinary expert group to explore theoretical framework and training system. |
| Key words: landscape architecture nature reserve community community-based co-management (CBCM) problem analysis reform proposal |
