| 摘要: |
| 先秦时期的人居实践饱含原创定向智慧。水作为重要的人居要素是早期人居发展的依凭，亦是实践之对象，从整体环境观角度对其进行关联而系统的考察，有助于揭示早期多层面人居实践与自然环境间关联调适智慧。综合文献与考古材料二重证据并结合地景格局，从区域、流域与城邑3个层面提炼涉水实践智慧：区域层面主要体现在治水实践顺应于自然规律的疏导与调蓄策略，是基于人居开发与环境资源利用间协同智慧的体现；流域层面反映在城邑群化分布与异态营建的综合适水上，互通交融的网络化水系搭织是人居展拓需求下的智慧营建；城邑层面则表现在择址、营城的因任思维和识时务的迁城避患方略。区域、流域与城邑不同人居层面的涉水实践内容相互嵌套，隐含完整的逻辑链，为后世人居建设打下了良好基础。先秦时期的人居涉水实践智慧反映出先民尊敬自然、顺应山水规律的实践思维，而“循自然之理，助自然生长”觅因得境的实践观，与绝对自然主义与人类中心主义划清了界限。 |
| 关键词: 风景园林 先秦时期 涉水实践 传统人居智慧 整体环境观 |
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| Discussion on Water-involved Practical Wisdom in Construction of Human Settlements During the Pre-Qin Period |
| LI Yicheng,CHENG Yuning,LIU Menglan,LIU Xiang |
| Abstract: |
| The practice of human settlements in pre-Qin period is an important content of early human settlement development in ancient China, which has the significance of tracing and enlightenment. As an important element of human settlements, water is the basis for the development of early human settlements and also the object of practice. A systematic study on water from the holistic environmental view is helpful to reveal the wisdom of the relationship and adaptation between human settlements practice and natural environment. Based on double evidence of literature and archaeological materials, and combining landscape analysis, water-involved practical wisdom is explored from three levels of human settlements, including region, river basin and city. The regional level is mainly reflected in the strategy of water control practice conforming to natural laws, which is based on the collaborative wisdom between human settlements development and environmental resources utilization. The river basin level is reflected in the urban cluster distribution and the construction of different patterns which could be adapted to water environment. The interconnected network water system is the intelligent construction under the needs of expanding human settlements. The city level is reflected in the choice of location, the thinking of complying with environment and the strategy of moving the city to avoid disaster. The water-involved practices at different levels of human settlements in regions, basins and cities are nested with each other, implying a complete logic chain, which lays a good foundation for the construction of human settlements in later generations. During the pre-Qin period, the water-involved practice of human settlements is presented as the practical thinking of ancestors in respecting nature and conforming to the law of landscape on one hand; on the other hand, the ancestors take the practice view of "following the theory of nature and assisting the growth of nature" and draw the line with absolute naturalism and anthropocentrism. |
| Key words: landscape architecture pre-Qin period water-involved practice habitation practical wisdom holistic environmental view |
