| 摘要: |
| 受到传统生态思想和自然审美观的影响，中国古代
注重城市建设与园林的统筹发展，与古代西方城市有着本质的
不同。以清代北京城为例，系统论述以皇家园林为建设重点的
园林化营建过程。首先，分析北京的自然条件及清代北京城的
营建基础；其次，利用相关文本和图像资料，梳理北京以水系
整治为先导，围绕紫禁城由内向外分为内廷宫苑、皇城御苑、
西北郊离宫和行宫群落的4个层次，发现园林化建设以皇家园
林为重点，延伸至大小私园及寺庙园林、水陆交通沿线等；最
后，分析清代北京园林化城市的特点，说明兼具民生、景观与
生态的山水园林城市建设理念是中国古代城市建设的优秀传
统，以期为当代公园城市建设提供参考。 |
| 关键词: 风景园林 生活 山水 城市 景园 人 |
| DOI： |
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| 基金项目: |
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| Gardens in City—Study on the Construction of Gardens in Beijing in Qing Dynasty |
| ZHANG Chunyan,WANG Mei,WANG Qiheng |
| Abstract: |
| Influenced by traditional ecological thoughts and
natural aesthetics, ancient China paid attention to the coordinated
development of urban construction and gardens, which is essentially
different from ancient Western cities. Taking Beijing City in Qing
Dynasty as an example, this paper systematically discusses the
process of garden construction in Beijing. Firstly, it analyzes the
natural environment of Beijing and the construction basis of Beijing
in Qing Dynasty; secondly, using relevant text and image data, this
paper sorts out the process of landscaping construction in Beijing,
which is guided by water conservancy projects and around the
Forbidden City, and is divided into four levels from inside to outside:
garden in the Forbidden City, garden in the Imperial City, garden
in the northwest suburbs and palace communities. The landscaping
construction focuses on royal gardens, extending to large and small
private gardens, temple gardens, water and land transportation
lines; and thirdly, it analyzes the characteristics of Beijing in Qing
Dynasty. This article shows that the concept of landscape garden
city construction with people's livelihood, landscape and ecology is
an excellent tradition of urban construction in ancient China. It can
provide reference for contemporary park city construction. |
| Key words: landscape architecture living mountains and rivers urban/town landscape garden human |
