| 摘要: |
| 德国疗养地具有典型性的公共绿地类型：疗养公园
(德文：Kurpark；英文：spa park)，从德国疗养地的历
史出发，对疗养地与疗养公园的形成和发展阶段进行论述。
选择德国40处疗养地的疗养公园作为研究对象，结合地图
与文献资料，通过应用制图方法和数据分析方法就公园与城
镇、公园与疗养功能建筑的空间关系分别进行分析并归纳总
结其特征,公园-城镇空间共有3种模式即城镇边界型、城镇
内部型与城镇近郊型，以边界型最常见；公园-疗养建筑的空
间模式以建筑分布于公园外侧为主，建筑按照功能可细分为
医疗类、娱乐休憩类与住宿类。采用案例分析法，以典型的
克奈普疗养地——巴特沃利斯霍芬的疗养公园为例，探讨其
景观设计要点，包括重视自然要素、步行空间体系建设、植
物专类园设计及疗愈设施建设。最后总结德国疗养公园的建
设经验对于当前中国小城镇建设及“康养小镇”在规划设计
方面具有的借鉴意义 |
| 关键词: 风景园林 德国 疗养地 疗养公园 小城镇 |
| DOI： |
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| 基金项目: |
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| German Health Resort (Kurort) and Spa Park (Kurpark): The Formation, Evolvement, Space Pattern and Landscape Design Feature |
| XIANG Pengtian,HUANG Qiuyun,LI Shuhua |
| Abstract: |
| This paper introduces the spa park (Kurpark), a
representative type of public green space in the German health
resorts (Kurort). Based on the history of German spas and health
resorts, the formation and evolvement phases of the health resort
and the spa park are addressed. A range of spa parks in 40 health
resorts in Germany are selected as research object, and through
implementing a comprehensive method of mapping and statistical
analysis using maps and literature documents, the article stresses
the space pattern of health resort town-spa park and spa park-health
resort building. Three types of town-park pattern are concluded as
margin type, which is most common of all, interior type and suburb
type. Park-building pattern suggests therapeutic function buildings
are mainly located on the margin of spa parks, and buildings can be
classified as medical, recreational and accommodation. It further
discusses by applying the case study method, the landscape design
features, taking Bad W?rishofen Kurpark as an example, which
can be concluded into highlight on nature elements, construction
of walking space system, design of plant themed garden and
therapeutic function facility. In conclusion the experience of
German spa park should be suggested as reference for current
development o |
| Key words: : landscape architecture Germany spa and health resort spa park small town |
