| 摘要: |
| 古徽州地区的齐云山作为唐代洞天福地名山体系的继承者、道教名山成熟风景范式的实践者以及徽州文化的构成者和凸显者，其山岳风景受到了时空环
境的极大影响。为探究风景与时空环境的关联，在明确齐云山山水地貌的基础上，将齐云山发展至鼎盛的历史划分为3个阶段，从着重关注人类空间认知和社会
实践活动的视角出发，通过文献分析和区域调查成果，结合不同阶段的时空背景分析齐云山带有时代烙印、地域特色的风景是如何形成的。结果表明，早先天柱
山和黄山等山岳的道教底蕴为齐云山后期的发展奠定了较好的社会、文化基础；受洞天福地名山建设、真武信仰兴盛和道教名山风景范式成熟的影响，以及在官
方、徽商、文人名士和普通民众的共同推动下，齐云山逐渐形成了突显皇家道场地位、在地化武当山成熟风景范式的风景格局，与九华山、黄山一同形成了对社
会民众持续产生深远影响的“华云进香”朝山进香习俗及“黄白游”旅游风尚，部分风景还基于地方文化认同成为“新安十景”之一、“海阳八景”之一及徽墨
画面题材等。总体而言，齐云山风景与时空环境，特别是社会文化环境具有较强的互动关联性 |
| 关键词: 风景园林 徽州齐云山 时空环境 风景关联 社会民众 |
| DOI：10.19775/j.cla.2025.03.0040 |
| 投稿时间：2024-09-10修订日期：2024-12-30 |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金面上项目(5237082015) |
|
| Study on the Relevance between the Mount Qiyun Landscape and the Spatio-temporal Environment inAncient Huizhou |
| WU Hui,JIN Hexian*,PAN Chao |
| Abstract: |
| Mount Qiyun in the ancient Huizhou area is one of the four most
famous Taoist mountains and one of the three most famous mountains in
southern Anhui Province, existing stone carvings, Dengfeng Bridge, Yuxu
Palace, etc. are listed as China Cultural Heritage or Provincial Cultural Heritage,
and Xiantian Taisu Palace, Dongtian Fudi Shrine, etc. a number of buildings
and structures have been rebuilt due to the support of the government and the
local people. As the successor of the Taoist famous mountain system of the
Tang Dynasty, the practitioner of the mature landscape paradigm of the Taoist
famous mountains, and the constitutor and accentuator of Huizhou culture,
the mountain landscape of Mount Qiyun in the ancient Huizhou region has
been greatly influenced by the spatio-temporal environment. The evolution of
a famous mountain reflects how the nature of the mountain is endowed with
important social and cultural significance in the process of "interaction" with the
surrounding environment, and how it is developed, accumulated, inherited and
preserved in the changing times. At present, the historical evolution process
of Mount Qiyun, especially the relevance between the mountain landscape
and the environment during that process, has not been sorted out in a holistic
and comprehensive manner. In order to research the relevance between
landscape and spatio-temporal environment, the historical evolution of Mount
Qiyun is divided into three phases with a clear foundation of the landscape and
geomorphology of the mountain. From the perspective of focusing on human
spatial cognition and social practice activities, and by taking into account the
spatio-temporal contexts of the different phases, how the landscape of Mount
Qiyun, which is marked by the era and regional characteristics, was formed
is analyzed through literature analysis and regional survey results. The results
show that: The Taoist heritage of Mount Tianzhu and Mount Huang laid a
better foundation for the development of Mount Qiyun in the later stages of
the social and cultural aspects; Influenced by the construction of Taoist Nature
Sanctuary, the flourishing of Zhenwu faith and the maturity of the landscape
paradigm of famous Taoist mountains, and jointly promoted by the officials,
Huizhou merchants, literati and common people, Mount Qiyun has gradually
formed the landscape pattern that highlights the status of the royal Taoist temple
and localizes the mature landscape paradigm of Mount Wudang, and together
with the Mount Jiuhua and Mount Huang to form a far-reaching impact on the
public "Huayun Jinxiang" custom and "Huangbai tour" fashion, also based on
local cultural identity as one of the "Ten Scenes of Xin'an" and "Eight Scenes of
Haiyang" and landscape on Anhui ink. Overall, the landscape of Mount Qiyun
is strongly interact with the spatio-temporal environment, especially the sociocultural
environment. The various environments that are geographically and
socio-culturally related to Mount Qiyun have contributed to the development of
the mountain landscape, and the landscape formed by Mount Qiyun has led to
a closer socio-cultural connection between the mountain and its surroundings.
This result can further highlight the historical significance and mountain culture of
Mount Qiyun, complement the study of famous Taoist mountains that developed
in an important temporal and spatial context, and support the development of
famous mountain scenic areas and regional societies. Future research on Mount
Qiyun can further explore the relevance of the present mountain-village-people
and mountain-mountain, and deepen the thinking of contemporary people on
the development of mountains through the comparison of "the relationship
between people and mountains, and the relationship between mountains
and mountains", so as to promote the protection of the scenic heritage of the
mountains. |
| Key words: landscape architecture Mount Qiyun in Huizhou spatio-temporal
environmental landscape relevance the public |
