| 摘要: |
| 空气花粉的组成与其周边的植被构成密切相关，不同区域的花粉致敏风险存在巨大差异，面对中国日益严重的花粉致敏问题，亟待开展城市环境花粉致
敏风险研究。从花粉致敏风险的背景概况、影响花粉致敏风险的城市环境因子、花粉致敏风险环境因子数据获取与识别、城市花粉致敏风险评价方法、城市花粉致
敏风险防控策略5个方面综述城市环境花粉致敏风险研究进展，并针对城市环境花粉致敏风险现有研究的不足与发展方向进行分析，最后提出城市环境花粉致敏风
险研究在指标工具、地域特色和数据基础及方法三方面的展望 |
| 关键词: ：风景园林 花粉致敏 城市环境 致敏风险 风险评价 |
| DOI：10.19775/j.cla.2025.03.0107 |
| 投稿时间：2024-03-25修订日期：2024-12-21 |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划(2023YFC3805400)；国家自然科学基金项目(52408071) |
|
| Research Progress on the Risk of Pollen Allergy in Urban Environment |
| YAO Yanan,,WANG Yu*,WANG Yue,,MA Zhexue,,WANG Yiran |
| Abstract: |
| The composition of airborne pollen is closely related to the
surrounding vegetation composition. There are significant differences in the risk
of pollen allergy in different regions. Facing the increasingly serious problem of
pollen allergy in China, the risk of pollen allergy in urban environment should be
studied from the perspective of human settlement environment construction.
This paper summarizes the research progress of pollen allergy risk in urban
environment from four aspects: the historical overview of pollen allergy risk, the
urban environmental factors affecting pollen allergy risk, the data acquisition and
identification of pollen allergy risk environmental factors, the risk assessment
methods and risk control strategies of urban pollen allergy risk. It also analyzes
the shortcomings and development direction of the existing research on pollen
allergy risk assessment in urban environment. Finally, the prospect of pollen
allergy risk research in urban environment is put forward in three aspects: index
tools, regional characteristics, and data foundation and methods. The risk of
pollen allergy in urban environment can be defined as the possibility and severity
of allergic symptoms caused by pollen in sensitive populations. Because the
source of risk, the production of plant pollen, has obvious seasonal and regional
characteristics, the distribution of risk includes time and space two dimensions.
The risk of pollen allergy in a certain location and time of urban environment
is determined by the current quantity and efficacy of airborne pollen allergens.
The influencing factors of pollen allergy risk in urban environment include:
1) plant factors such as pollination method, pollen allergenicity, gender, pollen
period, size, quantity, and cross-reactivity, 2) meteorological factors such as
temperature, sunshine, humidity, rainfall, wind, air pollutants, extreme weather,
and persistent climate change, 3) spatial factors include architectural layout,
horizontal distance from pollen sources, and spatial position height. Effectively
identifying and evaluating environmental allergenic risks are the foundation of risk
prevention and control. In terms of plant factors, in addition to traditional field
surveys relying on manual mapping and recognition, image data interpretation
and deep learning models have developed rapidly in recent years. For the
meteorological factors, open-source data from various meteorological bureaus
are available. It is possible to extract meteorological factors that affect the risk of
pollen allergy. For spatial factors, it is currently very convenient to obtain multisource
remote sensing surveying data, open map data, etc. The methods for
evaluating the risk of pollen allergy can be summarized into three technical
directions: based on pollen monitoring results, based on air allergen molecules,
and based on vegetation information which can utilize multi-source urban data
to carry out multi-scale evaluation and application. Compared with the other two
methods, it is more operable in practice. In the field of allergy risk assessment
based on vegetation information, currently, based on the different evaluation
objects, there are three types of evaluation indicators, including plant species (AI,
PAV), urban green plant zone (SAI, IUGZA), and urban space (AIROT, AIROTm,
tree pollen propagation simulation, scenic pollen allergy risk indicator system). So
far, the prevention and control of pollen allergy risk is still very difficult. It's so hard
for people to completely avoid exposure to airborne pollen in their daily work
and life. It is urgent to establish strategic, multi-disciplinary, and collaborative
methods, and invest efforts from multiple levels including individuals, community
health care, local governments, and national and international levels. Overall, the
current research on the risk of pollen allergy in urban environments is still in the
exploratory stage both internationally and domestically. The indicator tools need
to be improved in accuracy and convenience. Due to the regional characteristics
of pollen allergy, there is an urgent need to conduct research on pollen allergy
in China's characteristic urban environments. Integration of multi-source big
data such as remote sensing and meteorology may break through existing
technological difficulties. |
| Key words: landscape architecture pollen allergy urban environment allergy
risk risk assessment |
