| 摘要: |
| “同一健康”(One Health)理念下，高密度城市建成环境中的生物多样性保护是关乎人类福祉的重要命题。既往研究多以鸟类为指征，剖析城市建成环
境特征对生物多样性的影响并提出相应策略。然而，多数研究偏向于讨论城市蓝绿空间对鸟类多样性的影响，而对高密度建成环境的人工环境刻画不足，且缺乏对
于特定城市类型的在地化研究。以沿海地区的2座超大城市——上海和广州为例，利用公众科学平台获取73处城市公园中共计3 265条鸟类观测数据，通过多源地
理空间数据获取公园内外城市建成环境要素，从而探讨高密度城市建成环境对鸟类多样性的影响。结果表明：1)人口密度是影响鸟类多样性的主要因素，在不同缓
冲区情景下均与鸟类多样性呈显著负相关；2)鸟类物种分布对高密度建成环境的响应可能通过公园类型作为媒介。大型自然公园和亲水公园具有较高的鸟类多样性
水平，同时是濒危鸟类分布的热点区域，常见鸟种则广泛分布于各类公园。揭示了沿海地区高密度城区建成环境因素与鸟类多样性的关系，为高密度城区鸟类多样
性保护和城市生态建设提供了重要的科学依据 |
| 关键词: 风景园林 鸟类多样性 高密度城市建成环境 沿海地区 公园绿地 |
| DOI：10.19775/j.cla.2025.03.0115 |
| 投稿时间：2023-11-23修订日期：2024-09-14 |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目(52208083，32401656)；河南省高等学校重点科研项目计划(24A220002)；河南省科技攻关项目(232102521015) |
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| Exploring the Impact of High-density Urban Built Environment on Avian Biodiversity in Coastal Areas:Taking the Megacities of Shanghai and Guangzhou as Examples |
| CAO Yang,,TIAN Guohang,,LUO Yawen,GUO Shiyi*,JIANG Jiayi |
| Abstract: |
| Within the "One Health" framework, biodiversity conservation in highdensity
urban environments has emerged as a critical concern for human wellbeing.
Urbanization-induced habitat fragmentation and degradation are primary
drivers of biodiversity loss. Nevertheless, cities retain significant potential for
biodiversity conservation, including the preservation of endangered species.
Urban ecological networks, comprising various green spaces, rivers, lakes, and
other aquatic systems - particularly parks - serve as crucial support systems for
natural ecosystems and provide habitats for diverse flora and fauna. However,
high-density urban areas, characterized by extensive grey infrastructure and large
human populations, face urgent challenges in improving their ecological spatial
quality. Birds, serving as key species in urban material and energy flow, are
considered vital indicators of urban biodiversity due to their broad distribution,
well-established research methodologies, and sensitivity to environmental
changes. While previous studies have investigated the multidimensional
relationships between avian diversity and various urban environmental elements,
they have not fully characterized the artificial environment in high-density urban
settings. Moreover, existing research has largely focused on single-city or
national-level analyses, lacking specialized studies on specific urban typologies,
which limits the translation of research findings into regional biodiversity
conservation and habitat improvement strategies. China's coastal cities, situated
at the land-sea interface, benefit from monsoon climates that moderate urban
environments and possess unique wetland resources. These conditions foster
exceptional avian biodiversity. Furthermore, as pioneers of urban economic
development, these coastal regions exhibit mature urbanization patterns with
built environments that have exerted sustained influences on bird diversity.
Therefore, analyzing the impact of high-density urban built environments on
avian diversity in coastal megacities serves as an exemplar for examining
human-nature coexistence in high-density urban contexts. This research holds
significant implications for urban biodiversity conservation and the promotion
of balanced regional economic, social, and environmental development. This
study examines two coastal megacities with high-density built environments:
Shanghai and Guangzhou. We analyzed 3,265 bird observation records from 73
urban parks, obtained through citizen science data from the China Bird Report
Centre. Additionally, we utilized multi-source geographic spatial data to assess
urban built environment characteristics both within and surrounding the parks.
Our research objectives were twofold: 1) to investigate the built environment
elements of high-density cities by incorporating artificial environment feature
data and analyzing their impact on avian diversity; and 2) to classify parks
through cluster analysis of their features and examine correlations between highdensity
urban built environments, park green space characteristics, and different
bird groups. Key findings are: 1) population density emerges as the primary
factor influencing urban bird communities, demonstrating significant negative
correlations with avian diversity across multiple buffer zones; 2) the relationship
between bird species distribution and high-density built environments appears
to be mediated by park typology. Large natural parks and waterfront parks
demonstrate high avian biodiversity and serve as crucial habitats for endangered
species, while common species show widespread distribution across various
park types. Based on these findings, we propose three strategic approaches for
optimizing built environments in high-density coastal urban areas: 1) implementing
controlled interference in ecological spaces within high population density areas;
2) establishing an integrated "point-line-surface" framework for endangered bird
species protection, tailored to coastal city characteristics; and 3) emphasizing
diversified protection strategies that account for varying tolerance levels of
different bird groups to urban environments, particularly given the rich natural
resources and avian diversity in coastal urban areas. This study elucidates the
relationships between environmental factors and avian biodiversity in highdensity
coastal urban areas, providing an evidence-based foundation for bird
conservation and urban ecological development in dense urban settings. |
| Key words: landscape architecture avian biodiversity high-density urban built
environment coastal area urban green space |
